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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Adam R. Wheeler, Andrew C. Klein
Nuclear Technology | Volume 188 | Number 1 | October 2014 | Pages 45-62
Technical Paper | Fission Reactors | doi.org/10.13182/NT13-100
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The purpose of this study was to design a robust test facility for a small space nuclear power system and model its physical behavior under different scenarios. The test facility will be used to simulate a 1- to 10-kW(electric) nuclear reactor, its electrical generation, and heat removal capabilities. This simulator will be used to explore, test, and understand the steady-state and transient operation capabilities of small space nuclear power systems. Currently, the system is planned to operate on a variable, electrical heat source directly connected to heat pipes. The heat pipes are to be stainless steel with a water working fluid. These heat pipes will then be connected to a power conversion simulator or actual power conversion technologies. The power conversion simulator is connected to a radiator using a water-based heat pipe network using fins and connecting plates in a cylindrical geometry. Modeling of the facility was performed using the SolidWorks Flow Simulation package. Flow Simulation was used to analyze startup, heat pipe failures, and loss of power conversion with the end goal of finding safe operational transient scenarios for the transient test facility.