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Glass strategy: Hanford’s enhanced waste glass program
The mission of the Department of Energy’s Office of River Protection (ORP) is to complete the safe cleanup of waste resulting from decades of nuclear weapons development. One of the most technologically challenging responsibilities is the safe disposition of approximately 56 million gallons of radioactive waste historically stored in 177 tanks at the Hanford Site in Washington state.
ORP has a clear incentive to reduce the overall mission duration and cost. One pathway is to develop and deploy innovative technical solutions that can advance baseline flow sheets toward higher efficiency operations while reducing identified risks without compromising safety. Vitrification is the baseline process that will convert both high-level and low-level radioactive waste at Hanford into a stable glass waste form for long-term storage and disposal.
Although vitrification is a mature technology, there are key areas where technology can further reduce operational risks, advance baseline processes to maximize waste throughput, and provide the underpinning to enhance operational flexibility; all steps in reducing mission duration and cost.
Ikuo Kinoshita, Michio Murase, Yoichi Utanohara, Dirk Lucas, Christophe Vallée, and Akio Tomiyama
Nuclear Technology | Volume 187 | Number 1 | July 2014 | Pages 44-56
Technical Paper | Fission Reactors | doi.org/10.13182/NT13-32
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A numerical study is presented to examine the effects on countercurrent flow limitation (CCFL) of the shape and size of hot leg models with a rectangular cross section. The CCFL was described in terms of Wallis parameters using the channel height H as the characteristic length. Numerical simulations, using the computational fluid dynamics software code FLUENT 6.3.26, were done for the air-water CCFL experiments carried out previously at Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf in a 1/3-scale hot leg model with a rectangular channel (H×W = 0.25×0.05 m2), and the results were compared with the air-water CCFL data obtained at Kobe University in a 1/5-scale hot leg model with rectangular cross section (H×W = 0.15×0.01 m2) and the results of simulations. It was found that both the height-to-width ratio and the size of the cross section affected the CCFL characteristics in the Wallis diagram. Comparison of CCFL characteristics in rectangular channels with those in circular channels showed that the hydraulic diameter Dh was a major cross-section geometry term influencing the CCFL characteristics. CCFL constants of the Wallis correlation were ∼0.61 on average for the range 0.05 m ≤ Dh ≤ 0.75 m but became small for Dh ≤ 0.0254 m, and these tendencies were well reproduced by the numerical simulations.