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Access anywhere, anytime: Nuclear power, Ice Camp, and Rickover’s enduring standard of excellence
Admiral William Houston
As U.S. Navy submarines surface through Arctic ice during Ice Camp 2026, they demonstrate more than operational proficiency in one of the harshest environments on Earth. They reaffirm a technological truth first proven in August 1958, when the USS Nautilus completed its submerged transit of the North Pole: nuclear power enables access anywhere, anytime.
The Arctic is unforgiving, with vast distances, extreme cold, shifting ice, and no logistical infrastructure. Conventional propulsion is constrained by fuel, air, and endurance. Nuclear propulsion removes those constraints. Only a nuclear-powered submarine can operate anywhere in the world’s oceans, including under the polar ice, undetected and at maximum capability for extended periods. Nuclear power provides sustained high speed and the endurance to reposition across the globe without refueling.
Yong-Qian Shi, Qing-Fu Zhu, He Tao
Nuclear Technology | Volume 149 | Number 1 | January 2005 | Pages 122-127
Technical Note | Reactor Safety | doi.org/10.13182/NT05-2
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The paper first briefly reviews the neutron source multiplication method and then presents an experimental study that shows that the parameter measured by the neutron source multiplication method actually is a subcritical effective neutron multiplication factor ks with an external neutron source, not the effective neutron multiplication factor keff. The parameters ks and keff have been researched for a nuclear critical safety experiment assembly using a uranium solution. The parameter ks was measured by the source multiplication method, while the parameter keff was measured by the power-raising period method. The relationship between keff and ks is discussed and their effects on nuclear safety are mentioned.
