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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
Maolong Liu, Yuki Ishiwatari, Koji Okamoto
Nuclear Technology | Volume 186 | Number 2 | May 2014 | Pages 216-228
Technical Paper | Fission Reactors | doi.org/10.13182/NT13-57
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
As Units 1, 2, and 3 of the Fukushima Daiichi nuclear power plant (NPP) entered the phase of long-term station blackout following the huge tsunami, the decay heat could not be effectively removed from the reactor vessel and resulted in high in-vessel pressure and temperature. The Tokyo Electric Power Company announced that the safety relief valves of Fukushima Daiichi NPP Unit 1 (1F1) were never manually opened. However, the measured reactor pressure was decreased to ∼1 MPa at 2:43 on March 12, 2011. Such unanticipated depressurization might accelerate core uncovery and on the other hand delay containment failure caused by direct containment heating. In addition, the failure time and the failure path of the boiling water reactor pressure boundary before manual depressurization have a huge impact on the resulting source term. The authors modeled the creep failure of the stainless steel guide tubes of the source range monitor in the core and the main steam line and estimated the possible depressurization mechanism of 1F1 using the SAMPSON (Severe Accident Analysis Code with Mechanistic, Parallelized Simulations Oriented towards Nuclear Field) severe accident analysis code.