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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Conny B. O. Holmstroem, Tor Endestad, Knut Follesoe, Nils T. Foerdestroemmen, Kjell Haugset, Frode Strand Volden
Nuclear Technology | Volume 107 | Number 1 | July 1994 | Pages 83-92
Technical Paper | Special on ANP ’92 Conference / Reactor Control | doi.org/10.13182/NT94-A35000
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The concept of an integrated surveillance and control system (ISACS) has been developed into a first prototype, ISACS-1, which is now in operation at the pressurized water reactor simulator-based experimental control room HAMMLAB of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development’s Halden Reactor Project, Halden, Norway. It is characteristic of ISACS that it covers the whole interface between the process and the operator, and this interface is fully computerized using tools like cathode ray tubes and dynamic keyboards. In addition, a large number of computerized operator support systems are included in ISACS. The ISACS-1 is presently subject to extensive evaluation. The test and evaluation program aims at both providing design feedback and addressing general human-machine topics in advanced control rooms. The program is separated into three stages, starting with basic human factors work concerning layout and coding remedies. The next stage focuses on the qualitative aspects of the ISACS interface. In the final stage, the evaluation addresses higher level human factors issues, including experiments to evaluate ISACS’s impact on the operator’s overview and understanding of the current status of the process. The goal is to investigate how modern computer technology can be used to improve operational safety and efficiency of nuclear power plants and other complex processes.