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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
Heikki Kantee, Harri Tuomisto, Vesa Yrjölä
Nuclear Technology | Volume 90 | Number 3 | June 1990 | Pages 308-315
Technical Paper | RELAP/MOD2 / Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow | doi.org/10.13182/NT90-A34396
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The RELAP5/MOD2 computer code has been extensively utilized in calculation of thermal-hydraulic sequences concerning the pressurized thermal shock safety issue in the Loviisa 1 nuclear power plant. The cases analyzed feature stuck-open pressurizer safety valve sequences, small hot-leg breaks, steam line breaks, and, in one case, a primary-secondary leakage. The main purpose of these analyses is to validate and compare the results from the full-scale Loviisa training simulator analyses. The RELAP5 model is made to the detail allowed by the computer. It includes a description of primary and secondary circuits as well as modeling of the emergency core cooling and control systems. Single-phase thermal stratification and mixing are essential phenomena when pressurized thermal shock sequences are analyzed. The capabilities of the large system analysis code to predict these phenomena in the reactor circuit are discussed.