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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
Tanvir Salim, Woon-Shing Yeung, R. Thomas Fernandez
Nuclear Technology | Volume 89 | Number 2 | February 1990 | Pages 227-232
Technical Paper | Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow | doi.org/10.13182/NT90-A34349
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A model to calculate the void fraction in counter-current flow for geometries with abrupt area change is proposed. Continuity and momentum equations are used to derive a quartic equation for the void fraction. By varying the known physical parameters, the quartic equation is solved to get a wide range of results that are physically consistent. The model is applied for the special case of flooding at abrupt area change geometry, and a comparison with data is made.