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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
Hermann Kirchhöfer, Florian Schubert, Hubertus Nickel
Nuclear Technology | Volume 66 | Number 1 | July 1984 | Pages 139-148
B. Structural Characterization of Microstructure and Matallographical Aspect | Status of Metallic Materials Development for Application in Advanced High-Temperature Gas-Cooled Reactor / Material | doi.org/10.13182/NT84-A33462
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The precipitation behavior of the nickel-base alloys Ni-Cr-22 Fe-18 Mo (Hastelloy-X) and Ni-Cr-22 Co-12 Mo (Inconel-617) has been investigated as a function of aging temperature. Hastelloy-X shows that M6C and TiN are primary precipitates and M12C, A3B2 (≈ Fe3Mo2), and M23C6 are secondary precipitates, while Inconel-617 also has M6C and TiN as primary precipitates and M23C6, M12C, and Ni3AlTi as secondary precipitates. The characterization has been carried out by metallographic and transmission electron microscopy investigations and by x-ray examinations of electrochemical isolated precipitates.
