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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Christian Passard, Alain Mariani, Fanny Jallu, Jacques Romeyer-Dherbey, Hervé Recroix, Michel Rodriguez, Joel Loridon, Caroline Denis, Hervé Toubon
Nuclear Technology | Volume 140 | Number 3 | December 2002 | Pages 303-314
Technical Paper | Radioactive Waste Management and Disposal | doi.org/10.13182/NT02-A3341
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The development of a passive-active neutron assay system for alpha low level waste characterization at the French Atomic Energy Commission is discussed. Less than 50 Bq[] (about 50 g Pu) per gram of crude waste must be measured in 118-l "European" drums in order to reach the requirements for incinerating wastes. Detection limits of about 0.12 mg of effective 239Pu in total active neutron counting, and 0.08 mg of effective 239Pu coincident active neutron counting, may currently be detected (empty cavity, measurement time of 15 min, neutron generator emission of 1.6 × 108 s-1 [4]). The most limiting parameters in terms of performances are the matrix of the drum - its composition (H, Cl...), its density, and its heterogeneity degree - and the localization and self-shielding properties of the contaminant.
