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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
George J. Licina, Dwight R. Springer, Prodyot Roy
Nuclear Technology | Volume 65 | Number 1 | April 1984 | Pages 92-101
Technical Paper | Postaccident Debris Cooling / Nuclear Safety | doi.org/10.13182/NT84-A33376
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Chemical methods are the primary means for detecting steam generator leaks in liquid-metal fast breeder reactor (LMFBR) systems. Both hydrogen and oxygen detectors may be used for this purpose. Diffusion of hydrogen through a thin nickel membrane provides the basis for the primary LMFBR leak detection tool. Spurious sources of hydrogen (e.g., from waterside corrosion) and partition of hydrogen between sodium and cover gas are major disadvantages with the use of leak detection systems that incorporate only hydrogen monitors. Electrochemical oxygen meters, which are not subject to these problems, provide a complementary method for leak detection. Hydrogen meters (both diffusion tube and electrochemical designs) and electrochemical oxygen meters have demonstrated the capability to detect water intrusions in sodium test systems.