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LLNL, Ampera partner to develop thorium-based TRISO fuel
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has formed a strategic partnership with Ampera to develop the company’s nuclear fuel concept through a project named THUNDER, for Thorium Unimodal Droplet Ejection for Reactors.
The focus of THUNDER is fabricating TRISO made with kernels of thorium rather than the usual uranium. LLNL and Ampera will evaluate and optimize liquid metal–jetting technology to produce highly uniform, spherical kernels of thorium-232 for later processing into TRISO fuel.
James M. Griffith
Nuclear Technology | Volume 56 | Number 3 | March 1982 | Pages 447-453
Technical Paper | Fission Reactor | doi.org/10.13182/NT82-A32903
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The operation of a pressurized water reactor requires an estimate of average core power. If there is uncertainty in the power estimate, the plant must be operated at a reduced power level to ensure that safety-related indexes are not exceeded. Thus, power estimate uncertainty results in decreased energy production. A Kalman filter has been designed to combine information from several sources and thereby reduce power estimation errors. The investigation provides three primary results. First, clearly defined instrument-error models are specified and the need for these models becomes clear. Second, the investigation shows that the sensitivity to unexpected errors can be reduced by utilizing information from more than one source. Third, calculations for a hypothetical 1000-MW(electric) power plant that sells electrical energy for $0.06/kWh show that an additional annual revenue of approximately $1 million can be realized by applying the Kalman filter. A few calculations are the only investment needed to obtain the additional revenue.