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LLNL, Ampera partner to develop thorium-based TRISO fuel
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has formed a strategic partnership with Ampera to develop the company’s nuclear fuel concept through a project named THUNDER, for Thorium Unimodal Droplet Ejection for Reactors.
The focus of THUNDER is fabricating TRISO made with kernels of thorium rather than the usual uranium. LLNL and Ampera will evaluate and optimize liquid metal–jetting technology to produce highly uniform, spherical kernels of thorium-232 for later processing into TRISO fuel.
Barry E. Scheetz, William B. White, Scott D. Atkinson
Nuclear Technology | Volume 56 | Number 2 | February 1982 | Pages 289-296
Technical Paper | Radioactive Waste Management | doi.org/10.13182/NT82-A32856
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Solubility effects were measured on ceramic and single crystal alumina, titania, SrTiO3 (perovskite structure), and ceramic zirconia at 300 and 400°C for times of 7 and 18 days. Selected fluids were deionized water, a high-bicarbonate, high-sulfate simulated connate water (∼1% total dissolved solids), saturated NaCl brine, and a high-magnesium, high-calcium bittern brine. There is measurable dissolution of Al3+ in the connate water and in the bittern brine only. In both cases this can be related to the low pH conditions expected in these fluids at high temperature and to the increase in aluminum solubility with decreasing pH. The SrTiO3 breaks down to some extent in all fluids in the order bittern brine >NaCl >bicarbonate water >deionized water. Dissolution attack on both titanium and zirconium oxides is very small, indicating that the oxides are stable in the pressure-tempera-ture-fluid composition regime. Breakdown of the perovskite phase appears to be by incongruent dissolution with concurrent precipitation of the titanium oxide.