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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
J. H. McFadden, M. P. Paulsen, G. C. Gose
Nuclear Technology | Volume 54 | Number 3 | September 1981 | Pages 287-297
First International Retran Meeting | Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow | doi.org/10.13182/NT81-A32774
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A time-dependent equation for the slip velocity in a two-phase flow condition has been incorporated into the RETRAN-02 computer code. This model addition was undertaken to remove a limitation in RETRAN-01 associated with the homogeneous equilibrium mixture model The dynamic slip equation was derived from a set of two-fluid conservation equations. The slip model and the flow-regime-dependent constitutive equations are used in the RETRAN steady-state initialization solution as well as for transient analyses. Comparisons of RETRAN calculations with steady-state and transient data indicate the slip model results in a better analysis of two-phase flow behavior than does the homogeneous equilibrium mixture model