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LLNL, Ampera partner to develop thorium-based TRISO fuel
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has formed a strategic partnership with Ampera to develop the company’s nuclear fuel concept through a project named THUNDER, for Thorium Unimodal Droplet Ejection for Reactors.
The focus of THUNDER is fabricating TRISO made with kernels of thorium rather than the usual uranium. LLNL and Ampera will evaluate and optimize liquid metal–jetting technology to produce highly uniform, spherical kernels of thorium-232 for later processing into TRISO fuel.
Leonard W. Gray
Nuclear Technology | Volume 52 | Number 1 | January 1981 | Pages 66-72
Technical Paper | Chemical Processing | doi.org/10.13182/NT81-A32690
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Plutonium metal dissolves readily in sulfamic acid; the dissolution rate is a function of surface area, sulfamic acid concentration, and temperature. Below a temperature of ∼ 50°C, the dissolution mechanism appears to proceed through a PuH2 intermediate that yields a pyrophoric sludge. Above a temperature of ∼60°C, neither the intermediate nor the sludge forms unless the sulfamic acid concentration drops below 0.4 M. Overall dissolution rates of 400 to 500 g Pu/h are obtainable with typical plutonium buttons. Downstream processing requires conversion of the sulfamate to a nitrate medium. Approximately 90% of the residual sulfamate ion can be precipitated as sulfamic acid by the addition of two volumes of 72% HNO3 to one volume of the plutonium sulfamate-sulfamic acid solution if the solution is chilled to -10°C. The small amount of sulfamate remaining can be oxidized either by diluting the nitric acid to ∼3 M and irradiating the solution with ultraviolet light or by diluting the solution with pre-irradiated 3 M HNO3.