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LLNL, Ampera partner to develop thorium-based TRISO fuel
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has formed a strategic partnership with Ampera to develop the company’s nuclear fuel concept through a project named THUNDER, for Thorium Unimodal Droplet Ejection for Reactors.
The focus of THUNDER is fabricating TRISO made with kernels of thorium rather than the usual uranium. LLNL and Ampera will evaluate and optimize liquid metal–jetting technology to produce highly uniform, spherical kernels of thorium-232 for later processing into TRISO fuel.
P. C. Fung, G. W. Bird, N. S. Mcintyre, G. G. Sanipelli, V. J. Lopata
Nuclear Technology | Volume 51 | Number 2 | December 1980 | Pages 188-196
Technical Paper | Argonne National Laboratory Specialists’ Workshop on Basic Research Needs for Nuclear Waste Management / Radioactive Waste | doi.org/10.13182/NT80-A32600
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The rate of sodium and potassium released from an alkali feldspar reacting with an aqueous solution varied with time. After an initial rapid exchange of alkalis for H+, dissolution rate decreased gradually, following in sequence, exponential, parabolic, and linear kinetics. Silicon was not released in the earlier stages but subsequently behaved very similarly to the alkalis. Aluminum behaved very similarly to the alkalis at the early stages but quickly reached saturation. Under an inert atmosphere, the pH of the solution was buffered at 8 to 10 after the initial sharp rise during the ion exchange stage. Dissolution occurred preferentially along crystal imperfections such as fractures, fluid inclusions, and grain boundaries rather than uniformly throughout the entire surface. The surface of a feldspar dissolved incongruently for the first few days of reaction but dissolved congruently thereafter. Clusters of precipitates occurred as discrete growths covering only small parts of the surface and were unlikely to retard dissolution.