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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
M. T. A-Moneim
Nuclear Technology | Volume 51 | Number 3 | December 1980 | Pages 464-475
Technical Paper | Mechanics Applications to Fast Breeder Reactor Safety / Reactor | doi.org/10.13182/NT80-A32582
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A three-dimensional pipe element, with eight degrees-of-freedom per node, is developed to consider the stresses arising from the pipe internal pressurization as well as the stresses arising from the three-dimensional flexural motion of the piping system. The scheme is developed for coupling with piping hydrodynamics so that a realistic safety assessment of a reactor’s piping system can be achieved. Using rigid co-rotational coordinates, the finite element formulation is suited for large displacement but small strain situations. Both geometric and material nonlinearities are considered. The equations of motion are integrated by an explicit procedure. Sample results are presented to demonstrate the performance of the element in its individual as well as coupled modes of deformation.