ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
2026 Annual Conference
May 31–June 3, 2026
Denver, CO|Sheraton Denver
Standards Program
The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
Latest Magazine Issues
Nov 2025
Jul 2025
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
December 2025
Nuclear Technology
Fusion Science and Technology
November 2025
Latest News
X-energy raises $700M in latest funding round
Advanced reactor developer X-energy has announced that it has closed an oversubscribed Series D financing round of approximately $700 million. The funding proceeds are expected to be used to help continue the expansion of its supply chain and the commercial pipeline for its Xe-100 advanced small modular reactor and TRISO-X fuel, according the company.
Terrence A. Renner, Donald J. Raue
Nuclear Technology | Volume 42 | Number 3 | March 1979 | Pages 312-319
Technical Paper | Material | doi.org/10.13182/NT79-A32185
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The permeability of tritium through Fe-2¼Cr-1 Mo steel (Croloy) steam generator material has been measured for the surface-clean metal and for the metal oxidized in steam at 755 K (482°C). The temperature dependence of tritium permeability has been measured for the unoxidized metal between 673 and 773 K; the apparent activation energy for permeation in this temperature range was found to be 39.14 ± 0.32 kJ/mol (9350 ± 80 cal/mol). After steam oxidation at 755 K and 0.2 MPa (2 atm) for about one month, the tritium permeation rate decreased by a factor of ≈150 relative to the clean metal. This reduction factor agrees very well with that measured for a sample of tubing used in Atomics International’s Modular Steam Generator experiments under typical liquid-metal fast breeder reactor steam generator conditions. These results may be used to calculate rates of tritium transport from the intermediate heat transport system sodium through the steam generator tubes and into the steam/water system. From this information, eventual release rates to the environment can be determined.