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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
Constantine P. Tzanos, W. P. Barthold
Nuclear Technology | Volume 36 | Number 3 | December 1977 | Pages 262-274
Technical Paper | Reactor | doi.org/10.13182/NT77-A31940
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A systematic method for designing heterogeneous configurations having a near-zero value of sodium void reactivity is presented. It is based on the following principles: (a) the thickness of the internal blanket zones should be such that the reactivity change resulting from voiding any core zone is practically independent of any further increase in the thickness of these zones, and (b) the sodium void reactivity of each core zone must have a near-zero value. Neutronic coupling among the core zones of heterogeneous configurations decreases as the thickness of the internal blanket zones increases. To quantify coupling, Avery’s coupling coefficients are used. Reduced coupling among the core zones of a heterogeneous design, compared to a homogeneous design, results in (a) increased sensitivity of the power distribution to enrichment distribution perturbations, (b) reduced reactivity worth of local perturbations, and (c) higher cladding temperatures during operational transients initiated by local perturbations. Heterogeneous designs compared to equivalent homogeneous designs have (a) lower core Doppler coefficient values, (b) larger fuel compaction reactivities, and (c) higher maximum cladding temperatures.