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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
G. R. Hopkins, John M. Rawls
Nuclear Technology | Volume 36 | Number 2 | December 1977 | Pages 171-186
Technical Paper | International Safeguard / Reactor | doi.org/10.13182/NT77-A31924
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Impurity radiation from plasmas of densities typical of tokamaks and mirrors is examined for a variety of impurity species over a wide temperature range. Calculations indicate that radiative losses are enhanced during the early phase of the stripping process and that the radiation is much greater at temperatures characteristic of many-electron atoms than had been generally recognized by the plasma physics community. These results are useful in the analysis of the energy balance in tokamaks and give important constraints on the choice of wall materials.