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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
László Maróti
Nuclear Technology | Volume 34 | Number 1 | June 1977 | Pages 8-17
Technical Paper | Reactor | doi.org/10.13182/NT77-A31825
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
For determining the axial distribution of void fraction in subcooled boiling, the heat balance equations of vapor production and liquid heating were used. Solution of these equations required adequate expressions for the vapor generation and condensation rates. The vapor generation rate was expressed as the superheated part of the thermal boundary layer enthalpy, while the condensation rate could be derived as the subcooled part of the thermal boundary layer enthalpy. The resulting quality distribution was converted into the void distribution using the Zuber and Findlay void correlation. The model was checked by comparing measured data available in the open literature with calculated results, and surprisingly good agreement was found.