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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
Roger W. Carlson, David R. Gott
Nuclear Technology | Volume 33 | Number 2 | April 1977 | Pages 161-173
Technical Paper | Reactor | doi.org/10.13182/NT77-A31774
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The distribution of the bypass flow near the center of a boiling water reactor was calculated with the aid of the COBRA IIIC computer program to determine if boiling of the bypass coolant does occur. A consistant solution for the heat flux traversing the fuel assembly shroud and the bypass flow distribution was obtained for cases with the control rods fully withdrawn and also partially inserted. It was shown that the axial interval between calculated points must be ∼1 cm to obtain a solution that is independent of the spacing between points. Boiling was found to occur in the flow channels that represent the intersection of the narrow gaps between fuel assemblies; however, the average exit enthalpy of the bypass flow was subcooled. Insertion of control rods had a small beneficial effect in reducing the boiling. A 40% increase in the bypass flow rate was found necessary to eliminate boiling completely.