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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
W. M. Stacey, Jr., K. Evans, Jr.
Nuclear Technology | Volume 32 | Number 2 | February 1977 | Pages 142-154
Technical Paper | Reactor | doi.org/10.13182/NT77-A31719
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A survey has been made of the toroidal magnetic field strength requirements in a tokamak reactor as a function of size, confinement, temperature, safety factor, aspect ratio, and cross-sectional shape. The maximum field strengths consistent with reasonable limitations on the wall-loading and plasma-driving system and the minimum field strengths necessary for predicted confinement were determined along with the associated power output and an indication of the magnet cost. It was found that a maximum toroidal field at the coil of 80 kG (8 T) may be adequate for large-scale reactors. Fields in excess of 100 kG (10 T) would only be required for reactors in the intermediate-size range (major radius ∼7 m).