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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Raymond J. Webb, James C. Brittingham
Nuclear Technology | Volume 132 | Number 2 | November 2000 | Pages 206-213
Technical Paper | Fuel Cycle and Management | doi.org/10.13182/NT00-A3139
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The Lagrange Multiplier method was tested to determine its capability for replacing the current Combustion Engineering Core (CECOR) method for estimating the Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station reactor power distributions.The Lagrange Multiplier method involves minimizing the sum of the squared residuals of 241 coupling equations subject to 61 constraint equations. The CECOR method solves 180 (241 - 61) coupling equations subject to the 61 constraint equations. The Lagrange method is more complex because it includes the 61 additional coupling equations.The "consistency test" was used to test the accuracy of both methods for computing the power in uninstrumented assemblies, i.e., one-by-one, each of the detectors is considered not available, and the remaining detectors are used to compute the powers in the uninstrumented assemblies.There is potential for expanding the Lagrange method to a three-dimensional approach that could produce even better results, and that is a consideration.