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LLNL, Ampera partner to develop thorium-based TRISO fuel
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory has formed a strategic partnership with Ampera to develop the company’s nuclear fuel concept through a project named THUNDER, for Thorium Unimodal Droplet Ejection for Reactors.
The focus of THUNDER is fabricating TRISO made with kernels of thorium rather than the usual uranium. LLNL and Ampera will evaluate and optimize liquid metal–jetting technology to produce highly uniform, spherical kernels of thorium-232 for later processing into TRISO fuel.
Charles D. Bowman
Nuclear Technology | Volume 132 | Number 1 | October 2000 | Pages 66-93
Technical Paper | Accelerator Applications | doi.org/10.13182/NT00-1
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
An accelerator-driven thermal-spectrum liquid-fueled system is described for transmutation of spent fuel from commercial power reactors. The primary purpose of the system is to destroy the weapons-useful plutonium and neptunium in commercial spent fuel and thereby eliminate international concerns about the recovery of such material from geologic repositories for nuclear weapons purposes. The system also extracts ~80% of the fission energy available in the plutonium, and this energy is converted into electricity and sold into the commercial grid to pay nearly all of the capital and operating costs. The 20% of the material not destroyed is converted to an isotopic composition of no interest from a weapons perspective. These functions are accomplished without recycling or separation of a stream of pure plutonium. With technological development enabling widespread deployment in the 2015 to 2025 time frame, the world's inventory of nuclear weapons useful material could be reduced by a factor of 100 or more by the middle of the next century. This system does not eliminate the need for geologic storage of the remnant waste since the 20% remnant must be stored somewhere for tens of thousands of years, but it eliminates the possibility of mining geologic repositories for weapons material, it enables the recovery of nearly all of the energy carried by the plutonium, it reduces the amount of actinides that must be permanently stored by a factor of 5, and it enhances the repository's performance by reducing the load of long-lived radioactive actinide. Furthermore, since weapons material is eliminated, it transforms the ultimate disposition of the spent-fuel waste remnant from a subject of profound international concern to one in which nations need have little interest in how others solve this problem. Most of the concerns about the waste legacy from continued light water reactor deployment would be made moot by the advent of this waste destruction technology.