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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
André Zoulalian, Edith Belval-Haltier
Nuclear Technology | Volume 130 | Number 3 | June 2000 | Pages 362-371
Technical Paper | Radioisotopes | doi.org/10.13182/NT00-A3099
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The interactions of gaseous molecular iodine with painted surfaces aged in French nuclear pressurized water reactors (PWRs) were carried out in an experimental facility consisting of a molecular iodine generator, a mixing chamber, a sampling chamber, a specimen holder, and a gamma-counting probe [Cristal NaI(Tl)]. The same experimental facility was used to precisely measure the gaseous molecular iodine interactions with epoxy-painted coupons conditioned by two artificial hydrothermal treatments, either by heating at 130°C in a dry atmosphere or by heating at 130°C in a saturated water atmosphere. Then, a kinetic model was developed to represent these experimental results.This paper examines if the previous kinetic model can be used to interpret the gaseous molecular iodine interactions with aged paints. With the rate constant values found for the artificially conditioned paints, the kinetic model agrees with experimental results. Moreover, for the three studied temperatures (95, 110, and 125°C), the values of initial adsorbed water concentration onto the paint and the adsorbed water concentration in equilibrium with the steam of the carrier gas are intermediate between the values found for the two artificial hydrothermal treatments.Finally, a kinetic model is available, allowing the evaluation of precise assessments of the gaseous molecular iodine interactions with aged epoxy paints in the case of a severe PWR accident.