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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
C. J. Barton, D. G. Jacobs, M. J. Kelly, E. G. Struxness
Nuclear Technology | Volume 11 | Number 3 | July 1971 | Pages 335-344
Technical Paper | Nuclear Explosion Engineering / Nuclear Explosive | doi.org/10.13182/NT71-A30867
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Various pathways through which radionuclides in nuclearly stimulated natural gas can reach users of the gas or gas by-products are considered. Tritium is the radionuclide of most concern. At a concentration of 1 pCi/cm3, a tritium activity level that appears achievable in large-scale exploitation of this peaceful use of nuclear explosives, the calculations show that a maximum annual radiation dose of 2.2 to 2.5 mrem/year might be attained in the two large metropolitan areas considered. The average annual dose to members of the public using these supplies of natural gas is estimated to be about 0.5 mrem in the same cities. The estimated average dose is 0.3% of the Federal Radiation Council’s Radiation Protection Guide of 170 mrem/year for whole body exposure of average population groups.