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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Lothar Wolf, Helmut Holzbauer, Thomas Cron
Nuclear Technology | Volume 125 | Number 2 | February 1999 | Pages 119-135
Technical Paper | Reactor Safety | doi.org/10.13182/NT99-A2937
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Whereas all previous presentations on the Heiss Dampf Reaktor hydrogen distribution experiments E11, concerning data versus code predictions, concentrated on the blind posttest efforts, this presentation focuses on the results of the comparisons with parametric, best-estimate, open posttest predictions for experiments E11.2 and E11.4 with the containment analysis computer codes RALOC, WAVCO, CONTAIN, MELCOR, and GOTHIC.The results of these comparisons show the following after correcting a number of deficient input parameters previously supplied by the Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe/Heiss Dampf Reaktor Project as specifications):E11.4:1. Standard lumped-parameter codes are able to predict H2 mixing and distribution phenomena when H2 is injected into a well-mixed atmosphere in lower zones of the containment with excellent agreement in most of the important quantities.2. A few discrepancies remain, dependent on the codes' modeling methodologies and the impact of incorrect specifications.E11.2:1. Accounting for the corrections substantially improves the agreements compared to the blind posttest predictions.2. However, concerning the predictions of the thermal stratification pattern and the H2 distribution, more or less large discrepancies still remain.3. Parametric changes of input parameters lead to improvement of agreement in some quantities but at the same time worsen others.4. "Innovative" concepts of changing certain input parameters beyond current practice improve the quality of the predicted H2 concentrations.