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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Björn Gylling, Luis Moreno, Ivars Neretnieks
Nuclear Technology | Volume 122 | Number 1 | April 1998 | Pages 93-103
Technical Paper | Radioactive Waste Management and Disposal | doi.org/10.13182/NT98-A2854
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The release from initially damaged canisters for spent fuel located in crystalline rock is calculated. The radionuclide transport through the near field is calculated using the compartment model (NUCTRAN), and then the channel network concept (CHAN3D) is used for the transport in the far field. The flow rates at certain canister locations from the flow field generated by CHAN3D are used as input data to NUCTRAN, and then the near-field release is used as input to the far-field transport simulations. The models are applied to a hypothetical repository layout located at the Swedish Äspö Hard Rock Laboratory site. The hydraulic data and the flow-wetted surface area used in the model are estimated from hydraulic measurements. Release rate calculations for several radionuclides are performed to illustrate the model-coupling concept. The coupled models can be used as an efficient tool to simulate release from a repository and the transport to a recipient.