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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
W. James Boatwright, David W. Hiltbrand, Whee G. Choe
Nuclear Technology | Volume 121 | Number 3 | March 1998 | Pages 289-294
Technical Paper | RETRAN | doi.org/10.13182/NT98-A2840
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
TU Electric has developed and obtained U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) approval of the methodologies required to support core reload safety analyses. The Electric Power Research Institute-sponsored computer codes RETRAN-02 and VIPRE-01 are used in the non-loss-of-coolant-accident thermal-hydraulic analyses. These methods were employed to support the loading of the core of the Comanche Peak Steam Electric Station, Unit 1 (CPSES-1), Cycle 5.An overview of the reload safety analysis development effort is provided, with the focus on the qualification of the system transient analysis methodologies. Interactions with the NRC are described. Included is a discussion of the types of questions asked by the NRC and the corresponding TU Electric responses. Comparisons of calculated results to actual plant data which demonstrate the validity of the CPSES plant model, are provided. The importance of performing "good" benchmark comparisons is addressed as it relates to the demonstration of technical competence in the use and interpretation of RETRAN.The effectiveness of the approach used by TU Electric to obtain NRC approval of the reload safety analysis methodology is examined in retrospect. Finally, an assessment is made of the benefits, tangible and intangible, derived from having an in-house reload safety analysis capability.