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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
W. H. Zimmer, R. R. Heinrich, L. S. Kellogg, W. Y. Matsumoto
Nuclear Technology | Volume 25 | Number 2 | February 1975 | Pages 289-293
Technical Paper | Material Dosimetry | doi.org/10.13182/NT75-A24369
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
High flux level reaction rates are measured from the gamma-ray emission analysis of activated foils. These foils are analyzed nondestruc-tively to eliminate error due to dissolution, dilution, and/or chemical separation. Signal-to-noise enhancement is achieved through the exclusive use of lithium-drifted germanium detectors, always with high peak-to-Compton ratios and occasionally with active Compton suppression. The reduction of the gamma-ray spectral data to accurate reaction rates as performed in three independent laboratories is categorized to illustrate the areas of potential pitfalls and the diversity of approaches used in successfully avoiding them. The estimated absolute errors and the range of results among the laboratories have been reduced below the target value of ±10% (2σ) for nonfission foils and is approaching the target value of ±5% (2σ) for fission foils.