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The human factor in licensing and operating the next generation of nuclear plants
As human factors specialists working at the intersection of human performance and nuclear operations, we are witnessing one of the nuclear sector’s most significant transitions in decades. The emergence of small modular reactors, microreactors, and other advanced designs is reshaping the industry’s landscape. Digital instrumentation and controls, passive safety systems, and increased automation are creating opportunities for greater safety margins and more flexible operation. These same features also fundamentally redefine what it means to “operate” a nuclear plant. Interactions among human roles, automation, and passive systems shape how people maintain awareness, exercise judgment, and intervene when necessary. These developments affect both operational realities and the regulatory foundations on which nuclear safety is built.
Steven J. Stanley, Kat Lennox, Alex Jenkins
Nuclear Technology | Volume 183 | Number 2 | August 2013 | Pages 260-269
Technical Paper | Radiation Measurements and General Instrumentation | doi.org/10.13182/NT12-141
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The RadBall is a 140-mm (5.5-in.)-diam deployable, passive, nonelectrical gamma hot-spot imaging device that offers a 360-deg view of the deployment area. The device is particularly useful in instances where the radiation fields inside a nuclear facility are unknown, but a suitable decommissioning strategy is required to be planned. The original version of the technology had a number of drawbacks including a relative insensitivity to radiation (at least 3 Gy required), which led to long deployment times, as well as a narrow target dose range (3 to 8 Gy), which meant that the user required prior knowledge of the radiation fields in which the device was to be deployed. The United Kingdom's National Nuclear Laboratory has developed the technology to overcome both of these issues. The developments associated with the new technology are described here, as are some recent tests undertaken at the Sellafield facility in the United Kingdom. The work has resulted in a significant improvement in sensitivity - 150 times - as well as greatly widened the target dose range to between 20 mGy and 50 Gy. The new version of the technology therefore has a much-improved applicability compared to the original technology.