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Swiss nuclear power and the case for long-term operation
Designed for 40 years but built to last far longer, Switzerland’s nuclear power plants have all entered long-term operation. Yet age alone says little about safety or performance. Through continuous upgrades, strict regulatory oversight, and extensive aging management, the country’s reactors are being prepared for decades of continued operation, in line with international practice.
Hasna J. Khan, George Kosaly
Nuclear Technology | Volume 75 | Number 1 | October 1986 | Pages 34-45
Technical Paper | Fission Reactor | doi.org/10.13182/NT86-A15975
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Void fraction calculations have been performed using the subchannel drift-flux code CANAL. Using void and flow distributions in rod bundle geometry, a value of C0 has been estimated for bundle-averaged void fraction calculation in one-dimensional approximations. Successful prediction of the average void fraction is observed for the annular rod bundle geometry of the FRIGG experiment. In order to perform subchannel void fraction calculation, a C0 model has been developed for one-dimensional subchannel geometry. The implicit form of the C0 model developed accounts for void and flow conditions in the adjacent subchannels existing at the common interfaces, i.e., at the gap spacing between the subchannels. It appears that the magnitude of C0 varies between subchannels (annular rings of FRIGG geometry) but remains almost constant within each subchannel. Good agreement is observed between prediction and data for subchannel void fractions in axially uniform and nonuniform heated rod bundles.