ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
Standards Program
The Standards Committee is responsible for the development and maintenance of voluntary consensus standards that address the design, analysis, and operation of components, systems, and facilities related to the application of nuclear science and technology. Find out What’s New, check out the Standards Store, or Get Involved today!
Latest Magazine Issues
Jul 2025
Jan 2025
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
September 2025
Nuclear Technology
August 2025
Fusion Science and Technology
Latest News
Deep geologic repository progress—2025 Update
Editor's note: This article has was originally published in November 2023. It has been updated with new information as of June 2025.
Outside my office, there is a display case filled with rock samples from all over the world. It contains a disk of translucent, orange salt from the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant near Carlsbad, N.M.; a core of white-and-bronze gneiss from the site of the future deep geologic repository in Eurajoki, Finland; several angular chunks of fine-grained, gray claystone from the underground research laboratory at Bure, France; and a piece of coarse-grained granite from the underground research tunnel in Daejeon, South Korea.
Azin Behdadi, John C. Luxat
Nuclear Technology | Volume 181 | Number 1 | January 2013 | Pages 157-169
Technical Paper | Special Issue on the 14th International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics (NURETH-14) / Fission Reactors; Reactor Safety; Thermal Hydraulics | doi.org/10.13182/NT13-A15764
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Heavy water moderator surrounding each fuel channel is one of the important safety features in CANDU reactors since it provides an in situ passive heat sink for the fuel in situations where other engineered means of heat removal from fuel channels have failed. In a critical-break loss-of-coolant-accident scenario, fuel cooling becomes severely degraded because of rapid flow reduction in the affected flow pass of the heat transport system. This can result in pressure tubes (PTs) experiencing significant heatup during early stages of the accident when coolant pressure is still high, thereby causing uniform thermal creep strain (ballooning) of the PT in contact with its calandria tube (CT). The contact of the hot PT with the CT causes rapid redistribution of stored heat from the PT to the CT and a large heat flux spike from the CT to the moderator fluid. For conditions where subcooling of the moderator fluid is low, this heat flux spike can cause dryout of the CT. This can detrimentally affect channel integrity if the CT postdryout temperature becomes sufficiently high to result in continued thermal creep strain deformation of both the PT and the CT. The focus of this work is to develop a mechanistic model to predict critical heat flux (CHF) on the CT surface following a contact with its PT. A COMSOL multiphysics model using a two-dimensional transient fluid-thermal analysis of the CT surface undergoing heatup is used to predict the flow and temperature profiles on the CT surface. A mechanistic CHF model is to be proposed based on a concept of wall dry patch formation, prevention of rewetting, and subsequent dry patch spreading.