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NRC approves TerraPower construction permit
Today, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission announced that it has approved TerraPower’s construction permit application for Kemmerer Unit 1, the company’s first deployment of Natrium, its flagship sodium fast reactor.
This approval is a significant milestone on three fronts. For TerraPower, it represents another step forward in demonstrating its technology. For the Department of Energy, it reflects progress (despite delays) for the Advanced Reactor Demonstration Program (ARDP). For the NRC, it is the first approval granted to a commercial reactor in nearly a decade—and the first approval of a commercial non–light water reactor in more than 40 years.
Alan H. Wells, Albert J. Machiels
Nuclear Technology | Volume 176 | Number 3 | December 2011 | Pages 387-394
Technical Paper | Radiation Transport and Protection | doi.org/10.13182/NT11-A13315
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
According to the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission's guidance based on concerns for potential channeling of neutrons between absorber particles, the criticality safety of transportation systems should not rely on credit for >75% of the boron in fixed neutron absorbers. The 75% efficiency (or effectiveness) factor was first formulated in 1987 for a cask to transport spent fuel from the Fermi Unit 1 (Fermi-1) fast breeder reactor. Fermi-1 fuel was highly enriched (25.6 wt%), and a critical condition could possibly be achieved in a dry environment. The 75% factor was later expanded to include low-enriched light water reactor (LWR) spent fuel, although the latter cannot achieve a critical state without the presence of a moderator. Under flooded conditions, the net effect of channeling is significantly reduced because the neutrons are nearly isotropically scattered by the moderator and impact the neutron absorber from all possible directions. Under dry conditions or under conditions representative in neutron attenuation measurements for absorber qualification, the neutrons impact the absorber mostly perpendicularly, and neutron channeling is maximized. The effect of neutron channeling for the Fermi-1 fuel and for a typical LWR fuel shipment was quantified using a methodology developed to apply experimental transmission data to calculations of the neutron angular distribution at the neutron absorber sheet, yielding the strength of the neutron channeling effect for a particular fuel type and cask basket geometry. These analyses show that neutron absorber qualification via a collimated neutron transmission measurement conservatively bounds the neutron channeling effect. Further imposition of a 75%-only credit leads to an overly conservative amount in neutron absorbers. For transport applications of LWR spent fuel, this results in increased costs with no measurable benefits to criticality safety.