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Fuel loading process begins at Palisades
The Palisades nuclear power plant has drawn closer to restart, as plant staff began the process of loading fuel into the reactor vessel on Sunday morning.
The commencement of fuel loading places the Covert, Mich., facility in Mode 6—or the refueling stage—under the plant’s technical specifications, plant owner and operator Holtec International said in a news release. The Palisades reactor core consists of 204 fuel assemblies that include new fuel and partially used fuel from the plant’s most recent operating cycles. According to Holtec, the fuel loading is being conducted in accordance with plant procedures and technical specifications.
Zhongjie Guo, Yapeng Wang, Bin Wen, Hongpeng Dai, Xiaojing Qiang
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 200 | Number 10 | October 2026 | Pages 2346-2359
Research Article | doi.org/10.1080/00295639.2025.2568299
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
This paper investigates single-event transient (SET) effects induced by high-energy particle radiation on the error amplifier (EA) within the loop of a DC-DC (direct current) boost converter using circuit-level simulation methods. Through the analysis of SET propagation within the loop and simulation verification, the relationship between the SET impact on the DC-DC output voltage and load current is derived. A SET mitigation approach based on voltage clamping technology is proposed for SETs occurring at the EA output. By sampling and comparing the EA output voltage, SET detection is achieved. Upon detection of a SET, the EA output voltage is clamped, effectively isolating the SET propagation within the loop and ensuring the stability of the DC-DC output voltage, thereby endowing the DC-DC converter with a certain level of radiation hardness.
The proposed method is verified using a 180-nm commercial BCD (Bipolar, CMOS, DMOS) process. The post-simulation results show that under a high-energy particle linear energy transfer of 100 MeV·cm2/mg, the output voltage variations in the DC-DC converter caused by negative and positive SETs are less than 0.6 mV and 1.7 mV, respectively. The SET mitigation capabilities are 96.1 and 87.1, respectively. Moreover, for the hardened EA, SETs occurring at the output node have a 95.5 probability of not affecting the DC-DC converter’s output voltage.