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Fusion energy: Progress, partnerships, and the path to deployment
Over the past decade, fusion energy has moved decisively from scientific aspiration toward a credible pathway to a new energy technology. Thanks to long-term federal support, we have significantly advanced our fundamental understanding of plasma physics—the behavior of the superheated gases at the heart of fusion devices. This knowledge will enable the creation and control of fusion fuel under conditions required for future power plants. Our progress is exemplified by breakthroughs at the National Ignition Facility and the Joint European Torus.
Isaac Naupa, Samuel Garcia, Ben Lindley, Stefano Terlizzi, Dan Kotlyar
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 200 | Number 2 | February 2026 | Pages 471-487
Regular Research Article | doi.org/10.1080/00295639.2025.2483071
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
This work provides a demonstration of the Serpent-Griffin neutronics workflow using validated benchmark models of the Systems for Nuclear Auxiliary Power (SNAP) 8 Experimental Reactor (S8ER). Serpent is used as the reference continuous-energy Monte Carlo solution and for the generation of few-group cross sections. Griffin is used as the multigroup deterministic transport eigenvalue solver. This work provides the procedure adopted for the pregeneration of few-group parameters, the generation of unstructured mesh geometry, and the selection of transport solver parameters. The Serpent-Griffin workflow here is not fully optimized, but rather is meant to provide a consistent workflow from a high-fidelity Serpent reference solution to a deterministic Griffin solution.
The workflow demonstrated is robust to handle a variety of experimental configurations and is tested through sensitivity and verification studies to understand its pitfalls and limitations. Computational tools that have been developed specifically to streamline the collection and integration of data into the Serpent-Griffin workflow are developed and demonstrated. Discrepancies between reference models, experimental results, and deterministic models are presented for the S8ER criticality configuration experiments.
The deterministic Griffin model is able to reproduce the system excess reactivity of the reference model within a good accuracy of around 100 pcm in discrepancy. The modeled inputs and outputs are stored in an open repository available to the public. In future studies, this work will be expanded to create an optimized generalized methodology for the Serpent-Griffin two-stage approach particularly suited for microreactor applications.