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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
B. Ganapol
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 112 | Number 3 | November 1992 | Pages 270-282
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE92-A29074
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The radiative transfer equation for photons interacting with the phytoelements (primarily leaves) of a plant canopy of finite height is solved by application of Siewert’s FN numerical algorithm. A one-dimensional, one-angle transport model is assumed with the Lambertian scattering leaves all oriented in the same direction. In addition, a Lambertian reflecting soil is assumed at the lower canopy boundary. Since the focus of this work is on the development of the FN algorithm, emphasis is given to the derivation of the algorithm and the algorithmic accuracy; however, a comparison with afield experiment is also presented to indicate the potential usefulness of the FN solution.