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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
H. Märten, D. Richter, D. Seeliger, W. D. Fromm, R. Böttger, H. Klein
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 106 | Number 3 | November 1990 | Pages 353-366
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE90-A29063
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The 252Cf neutron spectrum is measured at high energies with a miniature ionization chamber and two different NE-213 neutron detectors. The gamma-ray background and the main cosmic background caused by muons were suppressed by applying efficient pulse-shape discrimination. On the basis of two-dimensional spectroscopy of the neutron time-of-flight and scintillation pulse height, the sliding bias method is used to minimize experimental uncertainties. The experimental data, corrected for several systematic influences, confirm earlier results that show negative deviations from a reference Maxwellian distribution with a 1.42-MeV spectrum “temperature” for neutron energies above 6 MeV. Experimental results of this work are compared with various statistical model approaches to the 252Cf(sf) neutron spectrum.