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Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
September 8–11, 2025
Atlanta, GA|Atlanta Marriott Marquis
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The RAIN scale: A good intention that falls short
Radiation protection specialists agree that clear communication of radiation risks remains a vexing challenge that cannot be solved solely by finding new ways to convey technical information.
Earlier this year, an article in Nuclear News described a new radiation risk communication tool, known as the Radiation Index, or, RAIN (“Let it RAIN: A new approach to radiation communication,” NN, Jan. 2025, p. 36). The authors of the article created the RAIN scale to improve radiation risk communication to the general public who are not well-versed in important aspects of radiation exposures, including radiation dose quantities, units, and values; associated health consequences; and the benefits derived from radiation exposures.
A. A. Ivanov, D. D. Ryutov
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 106 | Number 3 | November 1990 | Pages 235-242
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE90-A29052
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A survey of plasma-type neutron sources is presented. Mirror devices are found to be most suitable for use as a neutron source because their high-β values allow a high-intensity flux of 14-MeV deuterium-tritium neutrons at a moderate plasma size. Mirror devices also have a convenient geometry for radiation tests. A conceptual design and performance of a neutron source based on the gas dynamic trap are described. Components (neutral beam injectors, tritium system, etc.) of the plasma-type neutron source are compared with those of the International Thermonuclear Experimental Reactor (ITER) facility. It is shown that the current level of technology is sufficient for construction of a mirror-based neutron source.
