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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
Richard Sanchez, Jacques Mondot, arko Stankovski, Antoine Cossic, Igor Zmijarevic
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 100 | Number 3 | November 1988 | Pages 352-362
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE88-3
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
APOLLO II is a new, multigroup transport code under development at the Commissariat à I'Energie Atomique. The code has a modular structure and uses sophisticated software for data structuralization, dynamic memory management, data storage, and user macrolanguage. This paper gives an overview of the main methods used in the code for (a) multidimensional collision probability calculations, (b) leakage calculations, and (c) homogenization procedures. Numerical examples are given to demonstrate the potential of the modular structure of the code and the novel multilevel flat-ßux representation used in the calculation of the collision probabilities.