ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
2026 Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
August 24–27, 2026
Dallas, TX|Hilton Anatole
Latest Magazine Issues
Aug 2026
Jan 2026
2026
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
October 2026
Nuclear Technology
September 2026
Fusion Science and Technology
August 2026
Latest News
Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
C. W. J. McCallien
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 50 | Number 3 | March 1973 | Pages 290-293
Technical Note | doi.org/10.13182/NSE73-A28982
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Exact and first-order perturbation formulas that give changes in the eigenvalue of the discrete multigroup neutron diffusion equation are obtained. Various errors arising during the evaluation of these formulas are discussed. It is shown that for exact theory to give greater precision than first-order theory the fluxes must be sufficiently well converged to display the changes in them due to the perturbation. The reader is encouraged to assess the likely outcome of errors in his own calculations.