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In transition: Commercializing fusion power
Commercial fusion power is closer than ever. There are now around 30 U.S. fusion companies, several of which claim to be on track to connect to the grid as early as the 2030s.
Tokamak and laser inertial confinement approaches benefit from decades of research at facilities such as the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and ITER, with alternative concepts including stellarator, magnetic mirror, and Z-pinch confinement also making notable progress as private and government funding for fusion increases.
T. H. Fanning, G. Palmiotti
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 127 | Number 2 | October 1997 | Pages 154-168
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE97-A28594
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The variational nodal transport method is generalized for the treatment of heterogeneous nodes while maintaining nodal balances. Adapting variational methods to heterogeneous nodes requires the ability to integrate over a node with discontinuous cross sections. Integrals are evaluated using composite Gaussian quadrature rules, which permit accurate integration while yielding acceptable computing times. Allowing structure within a nodal solution scheme avoids some of the necessity of cross-section homogenization and more accurately defines the intranodal flux shape. Ideally, any desired heterogeneity can be constructed within the node, but in reality, the finite set of basis functions limits the intranodal complexity that can be modeled. Comparison tests show that the heterogeneous variational nodal method provides accurate results for moderate heterogeneities, even if some improvements are needed for very difficult configurations.