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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
Hideo Hirayama
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 124 | Number 2 | October 1996 | Pages 258-270
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE96-A28576
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The effects of using different photon cross-section libraries and energy-absorption coefficients on the gamma-ray point isotropic exposure buildup factors up to 40 mean free path (mfp) were studied using the EGS4 Monte Carlo code for water‚ iron, and lead from the 0.1- to 10-MeV energy regions., Differences due to the cross sections used exist‚ but are small‚ < 10%, except those for lead at 0.1 and 10 MeV. The differences in the case of lead increase along with an increase in the depth and are nearly 30% at 40 mfp depth. The effects of using different energy-absorption coefficients of air are <2%