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The busyness of the nuclear fuel supply chain
Ken Petersenpresident@ans.org
With all that is happening in the industry these days, the nuclear fuel supply chain is still a hot topic. The Russian assault in Ukraine continues to upend the “where” and “how” of attaining nuclear fuel—and it has also motivated U.S. legislators to act.
Two years into the Russian war with Ukraine, things are different. The Inflation Reduction Act was passed in 2022, authorizing $700 million in funding to support production of high-assay low-enriched uranium in the United States. Meanwhile, the Department of Energy this January issued a $500 million request for proposals to stimulate new HALEU production. The Emergency National Security Supplemental Appropriations Act of 2024 includes $2.7 billion in funding for new uranium enrichment production. This funding was diverted from the Civil Nuclear Credits program and will only be released if there is a ban on importing Russian uranium into the United States—which could happen by the time this column is published, as legislation that bans Russian uranium has passed the House as of this writing and is headed for the Senate. Also being considered is legislation that would sanction Russian uranium. Alternatively, the Biden-Harris administration may choose to ban Russian uranium without legislation in order to obtain access to the $2.7 billion in funding.
Yukiko Hanzawa, Daisuke Hiroishi, Chihiro Matsuura, Kenkichi Ishigure
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 124 | Number 2 | October 1996 | Pages 211-218
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE96-A28572
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The solubility of nickel ferrite is measured at 423, 473, and 523 K in a pure or oxygenated water system, which is similar to boiling water reactor conditions‚ using a specially designed batch autoclave system. Thermodynamic analysis is performed by a procedure minimizing Gibbs free energy of the system at the final state. On the basis of both the analysis and the experimental results, it is shown that the dissolution mechanism of NiFe2O4 under the condition where no redox reaction takes place consists of both NiFe2O4 dissolution and Fe2O3 precipitation equilibria. The calculated value of the solubility at 423 K using literature values of the thermodynamic data agree with the experimental value, but at 473 and 523 K they deviate somewhat from the experimental ones. By fitting to the experimental results at these temperatures, the thermodynamic data of NiFe2O4 for 473 and 523 K are reanalyzed, and new values are proposed.