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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
Thomas E. Booth
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 112 | Number 2 | October 1992 | Pages 159-169
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE92-A28411
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
The interpretation of the statistical error estimates produced by Monte Carlo transport codes is still somewhat of an art. Empirically, there are variance reduction techniques whose error estimates are almost always reliable, and there are variance reduction techniques whose error estimates are often unreliable. Unreliable error estimates usually result from inadequate large score sampling from the score distribution’s tail. Statisticians believe that more accurate confidence interval statements are possible if the general nature of the score distribution can be characterized. The analytic score distribution for geometry splitting/Russian roulette applied to a simple Monte Carlo problem and the analytic score distribution for the exponential transform applied to the same Monte Carlo problem are provided.