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2026 Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
August 24–27, 2026
Dallas, TX|Hilton Anatole
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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
Gerald Houghton
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 11 | Number 2 | October 1961 | Pages 121-128
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE61-A28056
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Fundamental flux vectors have been obtained for the diffusion of bubbles in heated channels by considering bubble motion in a turbulent liquid as a Markoff process. These flux vectors lead to a nonlinear partial differential equation representing the void fraction, which has been linearized for the case of small void fractions and coupled to a similar partial differential equation governing heat flow into the liquid phase. The coupled differential equations are transformed into coupled integral equations which are solved to obtain axial void fraction and temperature distributions in a heated channel. The rate of vapor production at the wall and the rate constant for bubble growth have been calculated from experimental data on void fraction distributions at constant uniform flux. The model predicts the correct shape for the void fraction distribution curve as well as providing a plausible explanation of burnout phenomena in terms of the bubble slip velocity.