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In transition: Commercializing fusion power
Commercial fusion power is closer than ever. There are now around 30 U.S. fusion companies, several of which claim to be on track to connect to the grid as early as the 2030s.
Tokamak and laser inertial confinement approaches benefit from decades of research at facilities such as the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and ITER, with alternative concepts including stellarator, magnetic mirror, and Z-pinch confinement also making notable progress as private and government funding for fusion increases.
R. D. Lawrence, J. J. Dorning
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 64 | Number 2 | October 1977 | Pages 492-507
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE77-A27385
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A smoothing and extrapolation method is applied to the point kinetics equations and the one-dimensional space-dependent reactor kinetics equations. The simple smoothing procedure is shown to be very efficient in reducing the oscillatory errors that occur when the standard Padé(1,1) and Crank-Nicholson approximations are applied to stiff reactor kinetics equations. Fourth-order accuracy is achieved by applying a single Richardson extrapolation (on a global basis) to the smoothed results obtained from values calculated using two time-step grids. The numerical results for point kinetics demonstrate that the method is particularly efficient for very stiff problems such as subcritical and delayed supercritical transients in fast reactors. Application of the method to two one-dimensional kinetics benchmark problems solved using a standard space-dependent computer code that utilizes the Crank-Nicholson approximation leads to significant reduction in the overall computational effort required to achieve a given accuracy.