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Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
R. D. Lawrence, J. J. Dorning
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 64 | Number 2 | October 1977 | Pages 492-507
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE77-A27385
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
A smoothing and extrapolation method is applied to the point kinetics equations and the one-dimensional space-dependent reactor kinetics equations. The simple smoothing procedure is shown to be very efficient in reducing the oscillatory errors that occur when the standard Padé(1,1) and Crank-Nicholson approximations are applied to stiff reactor kinetics equations. Fourth-order accuracy is achieved by applying a single Richardson extrapolation (on a global basis) to the smoothed results obtained from values calculated using two time-step grids. The numerical results for point kinetics demonstrate that the method is particularly efficient for very stiff problems such as subcritical and delayed supercritical transients in fast reactors. Application of the method to two one-dimensional kinetics benchmark problems solved using a standard space-dependent computer code that utilizes the Crank-Nicholson approximation leads to significant reduction in the overall computational effort required to achieve a given accuracy.