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In transition: Commercializing fusion power
Commercial fusion power is closer than ever. There are now around 30 U.S. fusion companies, several of which claim to be on track to connect to the grid as early as the 2030s.
Tokamak and laser inertial confinement approaches benefit from decades of research at facilities such as the National Ignition Facility (NIF) at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory and ITER, with alternative concepts including stellarator, magnetic mirror, and Z-pinch confinement also making notable progress as private and government funding for fusion increases.
J. R. Travis, C. W. Hirt, W. C. Rivard
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 68 | Number 3 | December 1978 | Pages 338-348
Technical Paper | doi.org/10.13182/NSE78-A27310
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Recent studies have shown that available theoretical models for critical two-phase flows in simple nozzles are not able to predict observed data. To achieve agreement, it is customary to multiply the computed mass flow rates by empirically determined factors. In this paper, a two-dimensional theory is used to show that the deficiencies are associated with geometric effects not accounted for in the earlier models. The theory presented here is applied to both equilibrium and nonequilibrium situations with considerable success and supplies a rational basis for the use of break flow multipliers.