The 252Cf fission neutron-induced gamma fields in iron have been investigated experimentally and theoretically. The gamma leakage spectra from a series of relatively small iron spheres (15 to 35 cm in diameter) and the space-dependent gamma spectra within a relatively large (∼100- × 100- × 100-cm) steel pile have been measured with an absolutely calibrated Si(Li). Compton spectrometer in the energy range from 0.3 to 3 MeV. In addition, neutron spectra (with a spherical proton recoil proportional counter and a 3He semiconductor spectrometer) and 235U fission rates have been measured within the steel pile. The measurements are compared with calculations. For the calculation of the neutron spectra, we used the one-dimensional neutron transport code DTK (208 energy groups), and for the calculation of the gamma spectra, an extended version (51 energy groups) of the gamma transport code BIGGI 4T and an (n-γ) production cross-section matrix constructed from published data were used. The gamma flux induced by inelastic neutron scattering is well reproduced by the calculations, whereas that induced by capture processes is somewhat underestimated (∼20%).