ANS is committed to advancing, fostering, and promoting the development and application of nuclear sciences and technologies to benefit society.
Explore the many uses for nuclear science and its impact on energy, the environment, healthcare, food, and more.
Explore membership for yourself or for your organization.
Conference Spotlight
2026 Nuclear Energy Conference & Expo (NECX)
August 24–27, 2026
Dallas, TX|Hilton Anatole
Latest Magazine Issues
Aug 2026
Jan 2026
2026
Latest Journal Issues
Nuclear Science and Engineering
October 2026
Nuclear Technology
September 2026
Fusion Science and Technology
August 2026
Latest News
Front-end nuclear fuel supply cooperation: Turning allied interdependence into strategic advantage
The global nuclear revival, which is fueled by unprecedented demand for firm, affordable, dispatchable power for artificial intelligence and data center build-out, energy security imperatives, and climate commitments, has exposed a structural reality of the Western fuel cycle: No single allied nation currently possesses the full suite of front-end capabilities. From mining through conversion, enrichment, fabrication, and the emerging deconversion and metallization steps required for reactor fuels, capability is distributed across Canada, France, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States (collectively, the “Sapporo Five”), as well as a small group of close partners.
William Primak
Nuclear Science and Engineering | Volume 65 | Number 1 | January 1978 | Pages 141-145
Technical Note | doi.org/10.13182/NSE78-A27132
Articles are hosted by Taylor and Francis Online.
Several properties of vitreous silica relevant to application as an optical element in a reactor were studied, including density, refractive index, optical path, stress relaxation, and optical absorption. The irradiations were in fields characteristic of the fuel regions of several operating reactors and at temperatures up to 370°C. The radiation-induced changes in optical path are significant, but are much smaller than those in the density and refractive index because the last two are of opposite sign. The thermal coefficient of optical path causes changes of comparable magnitude. Optical absorption is not a serious matter in the upper end of the visible region.